{"id":4015,"date":"2024-10-02T06:45:52","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T06:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/?p=4015"},"modified":"2024-10-02T06:45:52","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T06:45:52","slug":"breach-of-contract-in-turkey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"Breach of Contract in Turkey: A Comprehensive Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the legal implications of a <\/span><b>breach of contract in Turkey<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is crucial for parties involved in any contractual agreement under the Turkish jurisdiction. This article provides an in-depth examination of this complex legal area, focusing on remedies for breach of construction contracts.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#I_Legal_Framework_of_Breach_of_Contracts_in_Turkey\" >I. Legal Framework of Breach of Contracts in Turkey<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#A_Turkish_Code_of_Obligations\" >A. Turkish Code of Obligations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#B_Key_Articles\" >B. Key Articles<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#1_Article_112_of_Turkish_Code_of_Obligations_Law\" >1. Article 112 of Turkish Code of Obligations Law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#2_Article_113_of_Turkish_Code_of_Obligations_Law\" >2. Article 113 of Turkish Code of Obligations Law<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#C_Construction_Contracts_Specifics\" >C. Construction Contracts Specifics<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#1_Article_473_of_Turkish_Code_of_Obligations_Law\" >1. Article 473 of Turkish Code of Obligations Law<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#II_Termination_Options_and_Their_Implications\" >II. Termination Options and Their Implications<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#A_Available_Remedies\" >A. Available Remedies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#B_Termination_Rescission_and_Resulting_Damages\" >B. Termination, Rescission, and Resulting Damages<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#1_Positive_Damages\" >1. Positive Damages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#2_Negative_Damages\" >2. Negative Damages<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#III_Complexities_in_Construction_Contracts\" >III. Complexities in Construction Contracts<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#A_Instantaneous_Contract_Categorization\" >A. Instantaneous Contract Categorization<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#Contract_Lawyer_in_Turkey\" >Contract Lawyer in Turkey<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#B_Impossibility_without_Fault_Jurisprudence\" >B. Impossibility without Fault Jurisprudence<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/breach-of-contract-in-turkey\/#IV_Conclusion\" >IV. Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_Legal_Framework_of_Breach_of_Contracts_in_Turkey\"><\/span><b>I. Legal Framework of Breach of Contracts in Turkey<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Turkish_Code_of_Obligations\"><\/span><b>A. Turkish Code of Obligations<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6098&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Turkish Code of Obligations Law No. 6098<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, enacted in July 2012, provides the primary legal framework for contractual breaches<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/app.writesonic.com\/template\/3f523dbf-37e9-4484-90e5-2126f4320436\/ai-article-writer-v5\/7956cc0b-c4b5-46d4-9435-3008219ea46d?step=2#user-content-fn-1%5E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This updated code replaced the previous Code of Obligations Law No. 818.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_Key_Articles\"><\/span><b>B. Key Articles<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Article_112_of_Turkish_Code_of_Obligations_Law\"><\/span><b>1. Article 112 of Turkish Code of Obligations Law<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article stipulates that a defaulting party in a contract is liable to compensate the other party&#8217;s losses arising from deficient performance or non-performance, unless they can prove their lack of fault.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Article_113_of_Turkish_Code_of_Obligations_Law\"><\/span><b>2. Article 113 of Turkish Code of Obligations Law<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 113 provides that if an obligation to perform has not been met, the non-defaulting party may seek court approval to have the obligation fulfilled by someone else at the defaulting party&#8217;s expense.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_Construction_Contracts_Specifics\"><\/span><b>C. Construction Contracts Specifics<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Article_473_of_Turkish_Code_of_Obligations_Law\"><\/span><b>1. Article 473 of Turkish Code of Obligations Law<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article, specific to construction contracts, allows the employer to correct defects or non-compliance themselves or recruit a third party to do it at the contractor&#8217;s expense if the contractor defaults.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II_Termination_Options_and_Their_Implications\"><\/span><b>II. Termination Options and Their Implications<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Available_Remedies\"><\/span><b>A. Available Remedies<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 125 of the New Code of Obligations provides three options for a non-defaulting party when the other party defaults on a contract.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Performance and Damages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The non-defaulting party can seek performance of the obligation and related delay damages.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Non-Performance and Damages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They can seek compensation for damages arising from non-performance of the obligation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rescission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They can opt to rescind the contract.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_Termination_Rescission_and_Resulting_Damages\"><\/span><b>B. Termination, Rescission, and Resulting Damages<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Positive_Damages\"><\/span><b>1. Positive Damages<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Positive damages aim to place the non-defaulting party in the position they would have been in if the contract had been properly performed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Negative_Damages\"><\/span><b>2. Negative Damages<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the event of rescission, the non-defaulting party can seek negative damages, which aim to put them in the position they would have been in if the contract had never been formed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"III_Complexities_in_Construction_Contracts\"><\/span><b>III. Complexities in Construction Contracts<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Instantaneous_Contract_Categorization\"><\/span><b>A. Instantaneous Contract Categorization<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Construction contracts are generally not considered to be of a continuous nature, but are deemed &#8220;instantaneous contracts&#8221;. This classification means that Article 126 of the New Code of Obligations, which allows termination and positive damages in continuous contracts, does not apply to construction contracts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4016 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/kalemle-evrak-imzalaniyor.webp\" alt=\"Contract Lawyer in Turkey\" width=\"509\" height=\"339\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contract_Lawyer_in_Turkey\"><\/span><b>Contract Lawyer in Turkey<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At Han &amp; Partners Law Firm, we are dedicated to simplifying the intricate aspects of legal procedures for our clientele. Our array of comprehensive legal services is meticulously tailored to suit your distinct requirements. Our team of attorneys possesses extensive expertise across various legal domains, encompassing<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hanpartners.net\/en\/practice-areas\/contract-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contract law<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, commercial law, immigration law, family law, and criminal law. Our unwavering commitment rests in attaining the most advantageous resolutions for our clients, as we channel our diligence and proficiency into their cases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Significance of English-Speaking Attorneys in Istanbul The intricacies of an unfamiliar legal system can be formidable, especially in the face of language barriers. This underscores the indispensable role played by English-speaking attorneys in Istanbul. Given that English serves as the universal language of commerce, the presence of an attorney proficient in effective English communication is paramount for foreign enterprises and investors operating in Turkey.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our attorneys are not only fluent in English but also possess an in-depth comprehension of Turkish legislation and statutes. They function as a bridge over the communication divide, ensuring that clients have a comprehensive grasp of their legal entitlements, obligations, and alternatives. This level of comprehension is pivotal for making well-informed choices, circumventing legal predicaments, and attaining successful outcomes in legal proceedings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to these offerings, we specialize in managing instances of Breach of Contract in Turkey and compensation lawsuits in Istanbul. Our team is armed with the requisite knowledge and experience to navigate these intricate scenarios, thereby furnishing our clients with unparalleled legal advocacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_Impossibility_without_Fault_Jurisprudence\"><\/span><b>B. Impossibility without Fault Jurisprudence<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal theory has developed the concept of &#8220;impossibility to perform without fault&#8221; based on Article 136 of<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6098&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the New Code of Obligations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which provides that positive damages should be awarded to the non-breaching party when the breaching party of the Breach of Contract in Turkey effectively abandons the performance of the contract.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IV_Conclusion\"><\/span><b>IV. Conclusion<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The complexities of Breach of Contract in Turkey, particularly in the realm of construction contracts, necessitate a robust understanding of the Turkish legal framework. A re-evaluation of the classification of construction contracts, along with careful drafting of contracts and termination provisions, is essential in navigating this complex area of Turkish law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Termination and its remedies are key building blocks of contract law, but they are complicated in Turkish legal theory, especially in construction contracts. Therefore, it&#8217;s crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of <\/span><b>breach of contract according to Turkish law<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At <\/span><b>Han &amp; Partners Law Firm<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we are committed to providing exceptional legal services and assisting clients in navigating the complexities of contract law in Turkey. If you are facing a contract breach or need assistance with termination or compensation lawsuits, our experienced team is ready to help.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hanpartners.net\/en\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact us today<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to schedule a consultation and discuss your legal needs.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding the legal implications of a breach of contract in Turkey is crucial for parties involved in any contractual agreement under the Turkish jurisdiction. This article provides an in-depth examination of this complex legal area, focusing on remedies for breach of construction contracts. I. Legal Framework of Breach of Contracts in Turkey A. Turkish Code [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4018,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[208],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contract-law"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4015"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4020,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4015\/revisions\/4020"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4018"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hanpartners.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}